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71.
沁河流域水体污染物时空分异特征及潜在污染源识别 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
应用多种多元统计方法对晋城市沁河流域2005—2010年的水质数据(11个监测断面、24个水质指标)进行时空分异特征分析及潜在污染源识别.将聚类分析与判别分析相结合,在空间尺度上识别出重污染区和轻污染区,在时间尺度上识别出水质的年内差异性,揭示并探讨河流水质对降雨延迟的响应现象,进而将时间及空间聚类分析结果有机结合,开展时空联合分析与因子分析,有针对性地进行污染源识别.结果表明,监测断面可分成2类:A组(4个断面)及B组(其余7个断面),其中,丹河污染程度重于沁河,应当作为流域污染控制的重点;全年可分为2个时段:时段Ⅰ(7—11月)和时段Ⅱ(其它月份),时段Ⅰ水质略优于时段Ⅱ,流域面源污染或内源污染较严重;A组的典型污染指标共12项,分别为重金属、有机物、有毒有机物和其他污染物,主要来自于工业点源;B组的典型污染指标共11项,分别为重金属、有机物和生物指标,主要来自于工业和生活点源、生活和农业面源. 相似文献
72.
何建清 《安全.健康和环境》2005,5(7):42-44
塔河油田一号联合站(塔一联)稠油污水具有粘度大、油水密度差小、乳化严重等特点,它的回用与外排具有一定的难度.通过实验室和现场试验研制开发的破乳剂和混凝剂,强化了除油效果,减轻了过滤系统的负荷,处理污水达到了注水水质指标. 相似文献
73.
呼伦贝尔草原植被覆盖时空动态变化监测定量方法研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
开展植被动态监测与评价,是评估生态保护措施、环境管理政策和全球变化研究的重要基础。论文以呼伦贝尔草原为例,基于1998—2008年间SPOT_VGT NDVI旬数据,通过分析生长期间的植被年均NDVI值、年NDVI最大值、年NDVI最小值、季节性动态性与物候的变化状况及其趋势,反映研究区植被覆盖空间特征,监测植被覆盖动态变化情况。结果表明:研究区植被覆盖区域特征为:以林地为主的区域草地-耕地-林地过渡区以耕地为主的区域以草地为主的区域;11 a来,研究区植被覆盖呈减弱趋势,植被覆盖最佳期提前,以林地为主的区域、草地-耕地-林地过渡区和以耕地为主的区域植被覆盖季节性动态变化较小,植被覆盖稳定性较强,而以草地为主的地区植被覆盖最小值日期推后,其季节性动态变化较大,生态环境稳定性较差。 相似文献
74.
单室MFC型生物毒性传感器对重金属离子的检测研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
构建了单室微生物燃料电池(air-cathode microbial fuel cell,ACMFC)型生物毒性传感器,以含重金属离子(Cd2+、Cu2+)人工配水为检测对象,分析了有毒物质对检测仪的抑制率与有毒物质浓度的线性关系.结果表明,①单室MFC型生物毒性传感器结构简单,操作方便,灵敏度较高,可用于水体重金属离子(Cd2+、Cu2+)生物毒性的快速检测;②在实验条件下,该生物毒性传感器检测时间4h,清洗时间2~10min,恢复时间4h;③检测结果显示,实验室自配Cd2+、Cu2+及其混合液IC20值分别为0.6、0.8和0.25mg/L,有毒物质浓度与MFC产电量的抑制率呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9960、0.9744和0.9907. 相似文献
75.
Soil samples were collected from three plots under di erent land utilization patterns including degradation, farming, and restoration.
The abundances of methanotrophs were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the pmoA and 16S
rRNA genes, and the community fingerprint was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) aiming at pmoA
gene. Significantly lower 16S rRNA and pmoA genes copies were found in the degradation treatment than in farming and restoration.
Higher abundances of Type I than those of Type II methanotrophs were detected in all treatments. The treatment of farming was
clearly separated from degradation and restoration according to the DGGE profile by cluster analysis. The lowest diversity indices
were observed in the F (farming plot), suggesting that the community structure was strongly a ected by farming activities. There were
significantly positive correlations between the copy numbers of pmoA also Type II-related 16S rRNA genes and soil available K content.
Strong negative and positive correlations were found between Type I and soil pH, and available P content, respectively. We concluded
that the vegetation cover or not, soil characteristics including pH and nutrients of P and K as a result of anthropogenic disturbance may
be key factors a ecting methanotrophic communities in upland soil. 相似文献
76.
Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments.Generally,the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals.In the present work,we applied a suspending system to determine the relative importance of particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid as Cd sources for the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and to investigate the difference of bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd adsorbed on di... 相似文献
77.
Shaofeng Wang Yongfeng Ji Shuying Wang Xin Wang He Wang Zhixi Zhao Bingzhu Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(1):23-31
This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local... 相似文献
78.
To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge,synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr(VI) was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium.The effects of slag to sludge ratio(0.5,1 and 2) and temperature(200,300,500,700 and 900°C) on treatment efficiency were investigated.During the mixing process before thermal treatment,59.8%-99.7% of Cr(VI) was reduced,but Cr could be easily leached from the reduction product.Increasing heating temperature and decreasing slag to sludge ratio strengthened the reduction and stabilization of Cr(VI).When the slag to sludge ratio was 0.5 and thermal treatment temperature was 300°C,the total leached Cr and Cr(VI) declined to 0.55 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively,and 45.5% of Cr in the thermally treated residue existed as residual fraction.A two-stage mechanism was proposed for the reduction and stabilization of Cr. 相似文献
79.
Origin of 3He in the Earth is a mystery. Lacking a production mechanism, scientists assume 3He was trapped in the Earth, when the Earth was formed. In contrast to this assumption, we have found 3He and 3H concentrations in excess of the atmospheric values in the deep waters of the volcanic Lakes Pavin (France), Laacher (Germany)
and Nemrut (Turkey). This paper reports the result of finding 3H in these three volcanic lakes that appear to originate from the mantle. Because 3H has a half-life of 12.3 years, this 3H and the resulting 3He must have formed recently in the mantle and not be part of a primordial reservoir. The nuclear reactions that generate
tritium might be a source of “missing” energy in the interior of the Earth. 相似文献
80.
在重富营养化的武汉月湖建立围隔,研究了曝气和投放阿科蔓填料对水质的改善作用。结果表明:建立围隔(5m×5m)后,会使内外水的TP浓度产生明显差异,发生水华的程度和频率增加,进而对透明度(SD)、Chla和COD造成负面影响;水下曝气、放置水花生浮床能够减轻水华发生的频率和程度。经13个月的曝气(每天2~3小时),能够明显降低水中的TN浓度,对TP和COD没有明显影响,在有水华时,能够通过抑制水华而降低Chla,提高SD;在没有水华时,对Chla和SD无明显影响。经11个月的围隔实验,投放阿科蔓(每个围隔2m)2能够能够降低COD和Chla浓度,提高SD,但对TN、TP浓度没有明显影响。 相似文献